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An "In-Control" process is one that is free of special causes of variation. Control charts are used to monitor processes to check that they remain in-control, and to give timely notification of a special cause.
Note that "In-Control" does not necessarily mean that a process is performing at an acceptable level. It is quite possible, and not uncommon, for a process to be stable and free of special causes but producing output of unacceptable quality.
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