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In experimental design, blocking is a technique used to deal with nuisance factors that may affect the results of the experiment. The experiment is organized into blocks, where the nuisance factor is maintained at a constant level in each block.
Suppose that the raw material needed for the experiment is supplied in batches and that there is insufficient material in a single batch to carry out all the runs in the experiment. To avoid the results being affected by possible differences in the material properties between batches the experiment could be divided into blocks, the material for each block being taken from the same batch.
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